You can get HIV in case you have anal intercourse with somebody who has HIV with out utilizing safety (like condoms or drugs to deal with or forestall HIV).
- Anal intercourse is the riskiest kind of intercourse for getting or transmitting HIV.
- Being the receptive associate (backside) is riskier than being the insertive associate (prime).
- The backside’s threat is increased as a result of the rectum’s lining is skinny and should enable HIV to enter the physique throughout anal intercourse.
- The prime can be in danger. HIV can enter the physique via the opening on the tip of the penis (urethra); the foreskin if the penis isn’t circumcised; or small cuts, scratches, or open sores anyplace on the penis.
You can get HIV in case you have vaginal intercourse with somebody who has HIV with out utilizing safety (like condoms or drugs to deal with or forestall HIV).
- Vaginal intercourse is much less dangerous for getting HIV than receptive anal intercourse.
- Either associate can get HIV throughout vaginal intercourse.
- HIV can enter an individual’s physique throughout vaginal intercourse via the fragile tissue that strains the vagina and cervix.
- Vaginal fluid and blood can carry HIV, which may cross via the opening on the tip of the penis (urethra); the foreskin if the penis isn’t circumcised; or small cuts, scratches, or open sores anyplace on the penis.
HIV might be transmitted from a mom to her child throughout being pregnant, delivery, or breastfeeding. However, it’s much less frequent due to advances in HIV prevention and remedy.
- This known as perinatal transmission or mother-to-child transmission.
- Mother-to-child transmission is the commonest means that youngsters get HIV.
- Recommendations to check all pregnant ladies for HIV and begin HIV remedy instantly have lowered the variety of infants who’re born with HIV.
- If a lady with HIV takes HIV drugs as prescribed all through being pregnant and childbirth, and offers HIV drugs to her child for 4 to six weeks after delivery, the danger of transmission might be lower than 1%.
You are at excessive threat for getting HIV if you happen to share needles, syringes, or different drug injection tools (for instance, cookers) with somebody who has HIV. Never share needles or different tools to inject medication, hormones, steroids, or silicone.
- Used needles, syringes, and different injection tools could have another person’s blood on them, and blood can carry HIV.
- People who inject medication are additionally in danger for getting HIV (and different sexually transmitted illnesses) in the event that they have interaction in dangerous sexual behaviors like having intercourse with out safety (corresponding to condoms or drugs to stop or deal with HIV).
- Sharing needles, syringes, or different injection tools will increase your threat for getting hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and different infections.
There is little to no threat of getting HIV from the actions under. For transmission to happen, one thing very uncommon must occur.
Oral Sex
- Oral intercourse includes placing the mouth on the penis (fellatio), vagina or vulva (cunnilingus), or anus (rimming).
- Factors which will have an effect on the danger of getting HIV embrace:
- You can get different STDs from oral intercourse. If you get feces in your mouth throughout anilingus, you may get hepatitis A and hepatitis B, parasites like Giardia, and micro organism like Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli.
Workplace
- The almost certainly trigger is harm with a contaminated needle or one other sharp object.
- Careful follow of normal precautions protects sufferers and well being care personnel from attainable occupational HIV transmission.
Medical Care
- The US blood provide and donated organs and tissues are completely examined. It may be very unlikely that you’d get HIV from blood transfusions, blood merchandise, or organ and tissue transplants.
- You can’t get HIV from donating blood. Blood assortment procedures are extremely regulated and secure.
Food Contamination
- The solely identified instances are amongst infants. Contamination happens when blood from a caregiver’s mouth mixes with pre-chewed meals and an toddler eats it.
- You can’t get HIV from consuming meals dealt with by somebody with HIV.
Biting and Spitting
- The small variety of documented instances have concerned extreme trauma with in depth tissue injury and the presence of blood. This uncommon transmission can happen via contact between damaged pores and skin, wounds, or mucous membranes and blood or physique fluids from an individual who has HIV.
- There isn’t any threat of transmission via unbroken pores and skin.
- There aren’t any documented instances of HIV being transmitted via spitting as HIV isn’t transmitted via saliva.
Deep, Open-Mouth Kissing
- Very hardly ever, transmission has occurred if each companions have sores or bleeding gums.
- You can’t transmit HIV via closed-mouth or “social” kissing with somebody who has HIV.
- You can’t transmit HIV via saliva.
Touching
- Touching includes placing your palms, different physique elements, or intercourse toys in your associate’s vagina, penis, or anus.
- The solely attainable threat can be if physique fluids from an individual with HIV contact the mucous membranes or broken tissue of somebody with out HIV. Mucous membranes are discovered contained in the rectum, vagina, opening of the penis, and mouth. Damaged tissue may embrace cuts, sores, or open wounds.
- You can get or transmit another STDs (like human papillomavirus or HPV, genital herpes, and syphilis) via skin-to-skin contact.
- If you contact somebody’s anus and get feces in your palms or fingers, you too can get or transmit hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Infection with parasites like Giardia and micro organism like Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli may also happen.
Tattoos and Body Piercings
- There aren’t any identified instances within the United States of anybody getting HIV this manner.
- It is feasible to get HIV from tattooing or physique piercing if the tools or ink has another person’s blood in it. This is extra more likely to occur when the particular person doing the process is unlicensed as a result of they could use unsterilized needles or ink.
- If you get a tattoo or a physique piercing, make certain that the particular person doing the process is correctly licensed and makes use of solely new or sterilized tools.
