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New Delhi: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of lower-sodium salt substitutes (LSSS) as an alternative to regular table salt to help reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes. LSSS replaces a portion of sodium chloride with other minerals, typically potassium chloride, which has been shown to help lower blood pressure.
Global sodium reduction target
In 2012, WHO set a global goal to reduce average population sodium intake by 30per cent by 2030, a target adopted by member states, including India. However, progress has been slow, leading WHO to introduce a new strategy that includes promoting LSSS along with broader sodium reduction efforts.
Limited awareness and adoption in India
Despite being available in India under various brands, LSSS has seen limited uptake due to higher costs and low awareness. It typically contains 15per cent to 30per cent less sodium than regular salt. However, alternatives like pink Himalayan salt, black salt, and sea salt, which are gaining popularity, do not fall under this category.
Research-backed benefits and health concerns
WHO’s recommendation is based on 26 randomized controlled trials in adults, which found that LSSS use resulted in lower blood pressure over periods ranging from 56 days to five years. The potassium content in LSSS contributes to these benefits.
However, WHO has cautioned that high potassium levels can be dangerous for individuals with kidney impairments, as their kidneys may struggle to excrete the mineral, leading to hyperkalemia, a potentially life-threatening condition affecting heart function. Due to insufficient evidence of benefits, WHO’s guidelines do not extend to children or pregnant women.
Experts’ views on LSSS adoption
Dr. Mohit Gupta, professor of cardiology at Delhi’s G B Pant Hospital, noted that switching to LSSS can help reduce sodium intake, lower blood pressure, and decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Meanwhile, Dr. Kameshwar Prasad, head of neurology at Fortis Healthcare, and Dr. Kunal Gandhi, senior consultant in nephrology at Amrita Hospital Faridabad, suggested that reducing overall salt consumption may be a better approach rather than promoting LSSS.
(The article originally published in TOI)
