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What we found
Some chatbots were more likely to engage in conspiratorial discussion than others, and some conspiracy theories were more likely to have weak guardrails.
For example, there were limited safety guardrails around questions about the assassination of John F. Kennedy.
Every chatbot engaged in “bothsidesing” rhetoric – that is, each presented false conspiratorial claims side by side with legitimate information – and each was happy to speculate about the involvement of the mafia, CIA, or other parties.
Alternatively, any conspiracy theory that had an element of race or antisemitism – for example, false claims related to Israel’s involvement in 9/11, or any reference to the Great Replacement Theory – was met with strong guardrails and opposition.
Grok’s Fun Mode – described by its makers as “edgy”, but by others as – performed the worst across all dimensions among the chatbots we studied. It rarely engaged seriously with a topic, referred to conspiracy theories as “a more entertaining answer” to the questions posed, and would offer to generate images of conspiratorial scenes for users.
