Commonly used in cooking for its distinct flavor and in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits, Rosemary herbs belongs to the mint family (Lamiaceae) and contains a variety of active compounds, including rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and essential oils like 1,8-cineole. Several bioactive compounds in rosemary may help in managing or delaying the progression of Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive disorders.
According to latest studies, the carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid in rosemary help neutralise free radicals that damage brain cells. Oxidative stress is one of the key contributors to Alzheimer’s progression, so reducing it can slow neurodegeneration.
Its anti-inflammatory effects help prevent chronic inflammation in the brain, which is linked to Alzheimer’s. Rosemary’s compounds reduce inflammation by suppressing pro-inflammatory enzymes and cytokines.
Rosemary also contains 1,8-cineole, which inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter important for memory and learning. This is the same mechanism targeted by some Alzheimer’s medications like donepezil (Aricept).
Small studies and animal models suggest that low doses of rosemary extract may enhance memory, concentration, and overall cognitive function, and its neuroprotective effects with carnosic acid has been shown in some preclinical studies to protect brain cells from toxins and amyloid-beta accumulation—a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.
While most studies are still preclinical (in animals or test tubes), there are a few well-controlled human clinical trials are also going on.
However, the studies have also shown that high doses of rosemary (especially essential oil) may cause side effects like seizures or toxicity.
It should not replace conventional Alzheimer’s treatments but could be considered a complementary approach with medical guidance, suggests the researchers.
Currently it is used as dietary supplements or fresh or dried leaves in food. Inhalation of rosemary essential oil may temporarily enhance alertness or memory.
